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Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation
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Studies on the Placental Transfer of Cell-Free Human Immunodeficiency Virus and p24 Antigen in an Ex Vivo Human Placental Model

R.E. Bawdon

M. Gravell

R. Hamilton

J. Sever

R. Miller

C.J. Gibbs

OBJECTIVE: We studied whether the human placenta has the structural integrity to impede transplacental passage of cell-free human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 or p24 antigen from the maternal to the fetal circulation.

METHODS: Nine term human placentas from uncomplicated vaginal or cesarean section deliv eries were studied ex vivo with a placental perfusion apparatus to determine whether cell-free HIV-1 at 200-2000 tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50/mL) would pass to the fetal circu lation. Passage of virus or p24 was assessed by infectivity titration and/or p24 antigen capture enzyme immunoassay.

RESULTS: Infectious HIV-1 was not detected in any of the fetal perfusate samples taken periodically during experiments. Low concentrations of HIV-1 p24 antigen, however, were detected in fetal perfusate samples from three placentas.

CONCLUSIONS: The term human placenta effectively impedes passage of cell-free HIV-1 from the maternal to the fetal circulation. However, it may be permeable to passage of p24 anti gen. (J Soc Gynecol Invest 1994;1:45-8)

Key Words: HIV-1 • p24 antigen • human placenta • ex vivo studies of HIV-1 • transplacental transfer of HIV-1.

Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation, Vol. 1, No. 1, 45-48 (1994)
DOI: 10.1177/107155769400100109
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