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Gestational Diabetes is Associated with Depressed Adiponectin Levels

Elizabeth M. Hedberg, BS

Raymond M. Anchan, MD, PhD

Olga P. Thorne, MD

Christy M. Isler, MD

Edward R. Newton, MD

G. Lynis Dohm, PhD

Departments of Physiology and Obstetncs and Gynecology, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, North Carolina

James E. deVente, MD, PhD

Department of Obstetncs and Gynecology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858; deventeja{at}mail.ecu.edu

Objective: Adiponectin is a 29-kd adipocyte-secreted protein that has been linked to insulin resistance in obesity and diabetes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate adiponectin levels in the insulinresistant state of diabetes in gestation.

Methods: Term, gravid subjects with diabetes (n = 31; age, 30.0±0.9 years; weight, 98.8±4.6 kg) and healthy, term, gravid subjects (n = 27; age, 26.1±1.1 years; weight, 91.2±3.78 kg) were examined. The diabetes group consisted of 11 class A1, 11 class A2, and nine class B subjects. Plasma insulin, glucose, adiponectin, and leptin were measured on samples obtained immediately before Cesarean or vaginal delivery. Data were presented as means ± SE, and signficance is set at P .05.

Results: We observed decreased adiponectin levels in class A2 (4.93 ± 0.58,µg/mL; P = .013) and class B diabetics (3.33 ± 0.56,µg/mL; P = .001) as compared to controls (8.17 ± 0.82,µg/mL), while a nonsignficant decrease was also observed in class A 1 (6.58 ± 1. 13,µg/mL; P = .213). When grouping all gravid subjects, we observed that non-Caucasian subjects (n = 42) (5.51 ± 0.51,µg/mL; P - .003) had lower adiponectin levels than Caucasian subjects (n = 16) (8.88 ± 1. 11 ug/mL). Within tIe non-Caucasian group, wefound significantly lower adiponectin levels in diabetic gravid subjects (class A2: 4.24 ± 0.75,µg/mL; P = .044; and class B: 3.33 ± 0.56 µg/mL; P = .005) compared tvith nondiabetic gravid subjects (7.05 ± 0.80 µg/mL).

Conclusion: Class A2 and B gestational diabetes are associated with suppressed levels of adiponectin, similar to thatfound in other insulin-resistant states (type II diabetes and obesity).

Key Words: Adiponectin • gestational diabetes • obesity • African American • insulin resistance • leptin • pregnancy

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