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Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation, Vol. 12, No. 5, 320-329 (2005)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsgi.2005.03.004
© 2005 SAGE Publications

Human Placental Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor {delta} and {gamma} Expression in Healthy Pregnancy and in Preeclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Vanessa A. Rodie, MBChB

Division of Developmental Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom vanessarodie{at}hotmail.com

Anne Young, MSc

Fiona Jordan, BSc

Naveed Sattar, PhD

Ian A. Greer, MD

D. J. Freeman, PhD

Division of Developmental Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgowv Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Objectives: Human and animal studies have demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are important in placental development and play key roles in metabolism and inflammation. We studied placental PPAR{delta}, PPAR{gamma}, and retinoid X receptor {alpha} (RXR{alpha}) expression in healthy pregnancy and in preeclampsia (PET) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).

Methods And Results: Using immunocytochemistry, PPAR{delta}, PPAR{gamma}, and RXR{alpha} were localized to the cyto- and syncytiotrophoblast and invading trophoblast columns in first and second trimester placentas. Third trimester placentas from healthy pregnancy, and in PET and IUGR, demonstrated PPAR{delta}, PPAR{gamma}, and RXR{alpha} staining within the syncytium, and localization within isolated cells in the stroma. In uncomplicated pregnancies, PPAR{delta} mRNA expression (PPAR{delta}:18s ratio, third trimester median 0.43 finterquartile (IQ) range 0.26-0.52] vs first trimester 0.20 [0.00-0.26], P = .03) and PPAR{delta} protein expression (third trimester 3.94 [2.45-4. 68] vs first trimester 1.29 [0. 78-2.29] optical densitometry [OD] mm2, P = .04) were higher in the third trimester than in the first trimester. There were no consistent differences in PPAR{delta}, PPAR{gamma}, or RXR{alpha} mRNA and protein expression among PET or IUGR placentas and controls.

Conclusion: PPAR{delta} expression is up-regulated between the first and third trimester, indicating a role for this nuclear receptor in placental function. Wefound no evidence that placental PPAR{delta}, PPAR{gamma}, and RXR{alpha} expression is changed in PET or IUGR. This suggests that changes in total placental PPAR expression are not involved in the pathophysiology of these conditions.

Key Words: PPAR • RXR • placenta • gene expression • preeclampsia • intrauterine growth restriction


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