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Reproductive Sciences
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Regional Specificity of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Histopathology Following Cerebral Ischemia in Preterm Fetal Sheep

Mhoyra Fraser, PhD

Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand, m.fraser@ auckland.ac.nz

Laura Bennet, PhD

Department of Physiology, University of Auckand, New Zealand

Rachel Helliwell, PhD

Department of Anatomy With Radiology Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University ofAuckland, New Zealand

Scott Wells, MBChB

Department of Radiology, Canterbury Health, Christchurch, New Zealand

Christopher Williams, PhD

Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand

Peter Gluckman, FRS

Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand

Alistair J. Gunn, MBChB, PhD

Department of Physiology, University of Auckand, New Zealand

Terrie Inder, MBChB, MD

Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri

Early and accurate evaluation of the nature and extent of cerebral injury in the preterm infant brain is important for prognostication and decision making in the neonatal intensive care unit. The capability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to define acute ischemic changes in white and gray matter in comparison to contemporaneous histopathology has not been adequately ascertained. The aim of this study is to assess whether postmortem MRI predicts the nature and extent of brain injury in a preterm fetal sheep model of cerebral hypoperfusion. MRI examinations were performed on fetal sheep brains (d99-100 gestation), perfusion fixed 72 hours after an ischemic insult (n = 7) with left-hemispheric placement of a microdialysis probe and compared with sham-occlusion (n = 3) and unoperated-control fetuses (n = 4). Cerebral ischemia was associated with MRI changes including global cerebral injury and diffuse white matter signal abnormality, which corresponded closely with histological damage. However, histological changes in deep structures, including the corona radiata, thalamus, and globus pallidus were not reliably detected on MRI. These findings confirm that in preterm fetal sheep, MRI can accurately assess cortical gray matter and subcortical and periventricular white matter abnormalities 3 days after hypoxic-ischemic injury but appears to have limited sensitivity to detect injury to deep structures.

Key Words: Magnetic resonance imaging • white matter injury • fetal sheep • cerebral ischemia.

Reproductive Sciences, Vol. 14, No. 2, 182-191 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/1933719107299612
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