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Reproductive Sciences, Vol. 14, No. 8, 737-749 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/1933719107310707

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in the Ovary

Chryssa Metallinou

Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Greece

Byron Asimakopoulos, PhD

Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Greece

Andreas Schröer, MD

Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University Klinik of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany

Nikos Nikolettos, MD

Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Greece

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) plays a pivotal role in the physiology of reproduction in mammals. GnRH acts by binding to the GnRH receptor (GnRHR). In humans, only 1 conventional GnRH receptor subtype (type I GnRH receptor) has been found. In the human genome, 2 forms of GnRH have been identified, GnRH-I (mammal GnRH) and GnRH-II (chicken GnRH II). Both forms and their common receptor are expressed, apart from the hypothalamus, in various compartments of the human ovary. Gonadal steroids, gonadotropins, and GnRH itself controls the regulation of the GnRH/GnRHR system gene expression in the human ovary. The 2 types of GnRH acting paracrinally/autocrinally influence ovarian steroidogenesis, decrease the proliferation, and induce apoptosis of ovarian cells. In this review, the biology of GnRH/GnRHR system in humans, the potential roles of GnRH, and the direct effects of GnRH analogues in ovarian cells are discussed.

Key Words: Gonadotropin-releasing hormones • GnRH receptor • human ovary • steroidogenesis • GnRH analogues


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