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Hepatic Artery Hemodynamics Suggest Operation of a Buffer Response in the Human Fetus

Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway, cathrine.ebbing{at}molmed.uib.no

Svein Rasmussen, MD, PhD

Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway, Medical Birth Registry of Norway, Locus of Registry Based Epidemiology, University of Bergen and the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway

Keith M. Godfrey, BM, PhD, FRCP

Division of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK

Mark A. Hanson, DPhil

Division of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK

Torvid Kiserud, MD, PhD

Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway

After birth, the hepatic artery buffer response helps to maintain liver perfusion. Here, the authors establish a Doppler technique to measure fetal hepatic artery flow velocity and test the hypothesis that the buffer response also operates prenatally. Women with low-risk pregnancies were recruited to a longitudinal study (N = 161). Measurement techniques and reference ranges for hepatic artery velocities and pulsatility index (PI) were established. Ductus venosus peak velocity (V_DVps) represented the portocaval pressure gradient, and umbilical venous flow (Q_UV) represented portal flow. Reference ranges were established for the more accessible left hepatic artery branch. Hepatic artery PI was lower in fetuses with V_DVps <10th centile (P < .05) and in those with Q_UV <10th centile ( P < .0001). Conversely, hepatic artery PI was higher in those with Q_UV >90th centile (P < .0001). The authors establish a method for measuring fetal hepatic arterial blood velocity, provide reference ranges, and show that the hepatic artery buffer response operates prenatally.

Key Words: Fetus • circulation • blood flow • Doppler • hepatic artery • reference ranges • hepatic artery buffer response.

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