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Reproductive Sciences
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Reviews

Review: In Vitro Models for the Study of Early Human Embryo-Endometrium Interactions

Gijs Teklenburg, MD, MSc

Department of Reproduction and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Nick S. Macklon, MD, PhD

Department of Reproduction and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands, n.s.macklon{at}umcutrecht.nl

The molecular interactions at the embryo-endometrial interface during the period of blastocyst adhesion and subsequent invasion into the endometrial stroma are not fully understood. Current knowledge is primarily based on evidence from implantation studies in the mouse. The degree to which data derived from animal studies mirror human implantation is limited. The ethical and technical challenges studying implantation in the human can partly be overcome by designing in vitro models of embryo-endometrium interactions. In this review, the principal models in current use are described. Basic models using tissue explants and monolayers are distinguished from complex models using multilayer isolated cells, and embryo-endometrium coculture systems used therapeutically. Although there are limitations to current approaches, a number of research questions that could be addressed using these techniques are identified.

Key Words: Embryo implantation • in vitro model • coculture.

This version was published on September 1, 2009

Reproductive Sciences, Vol. 16, No. 9, 811-818 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/1933719109334966
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