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Reproductive Sciences
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*Dietary Proteins
*High Risk Pregnancy
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Maternal Protein Deprivation: Changes in Systemic Renin-Angiotensin System of the Mouse Fetus

Ravi Goyal, MD, PhD

Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California

Andrew Galffy, BA

Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California

Stephanie A. Field, BA

Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California

Ciprian P. Gheorghe, MD, PhD

Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California

Ashwani Mittal, PhD

Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California

Lawrence D. Longo, MD

Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, llongo{at}llu.edu

We tested the hypothesis that maternal protein deprivation during gestation results in changes in expression of the systemic renin-angiotensin system in fetal mice. Fetal weight was decreased significantly as a consequence of 50% maternal protein deprivation during second half of gestation. In fetal liver, angiotensinogen protein expression was reduced significantly despite a significant increase in messenger RNA (mRNA). In fetal kidneys, both mRNA and protein levels of renin were increased significantly. In the lungs, we observed a decrease in both angiotensin-converting enzyme I and II mRNA expression, whereas protein expression of both isoforms was increased significantly. The fetal heart showed significant increases in expression of angiotensin II type 1 (AT-1) and type 2 (AT-2) receptors mRNA. Protein expression of AT-1 receptors increased, while that of AT-2 receptors decreased. We conclude that maternal low-protein diet during gestation leads to significant changes in expression of the systemic renin-angiotensin system in fetal mice and may be important in the genesis of hypertension in the adult.

Key Words: Hypertension • gene expression • development • fetal growth.

This version was published on September 1, 2009

Reproductive Sciences, Vol. 16, No. 9, 894-904 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/1933719109337260
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