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Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation
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Effect of Physiologic Perfusion-Fixation on the Morphometrically Evaluated Dimensions of the Term Placental Cotyledon

Michael Luckhardt

Rudolf Leiser

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland: the Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany: and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom

John Kingdom

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland: the Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany: and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, UCL Medical School, 86-96 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, United Kingdom

Antoine Malek

Ruth Sager

Christoph Kaisig

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland: the Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany: and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom

Henning Schneider

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland: the Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany: and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schanzeneckstrasse 1, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland

Objective: To estimate the in vivo dimensions of the fetal villous tree of the normal term placenta.

Methods: Dual-circuit perfusion-fixation of a cotyledon from eight normal term placentas was performed with random intra-cotyledon tissue sampling. Stereologic methods were used to derive estimates of villous (intermediate and terminal) surface area and volume, and star volume (a measure of villous volume).

Results: Villous surface area (mean 20.9 m2 [standard deviation 1.8]), capillary surface area (12.8 m2 [1.5]), villous volume (469 mL [40]), and capillary volume (80 mL [10]) values were all approximately 50% higher than reported previously. Star volume estimates ranged from 480 to 1350 µm3.

Conclusion: Tissue perfusion-fixation more accurately reconstructs the in vivo state, resulting in higher reference values than previously thought for the fetal villous tree dimensions. Up to one-quarter of fetoplacental blood volume is likely to be accommodated within the placenta at term.

Key Words: Placenta • perfusion-fixation • stereology

Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation, Vol. 3, No. 4, 166-171 (1996)
DOI: 10.1177/107155769600300402
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