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Role of Gorwth Hormone in Ovarian Physiology and Onest of Puberty

Linda C. Giudice, MD, phD

Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, university of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California

Objective: To review the role of growth hormone (GH) in the timing of puberty and to summarize the interactions between the somatotrophic and reproductive axes. The use of recombinant GH in patients with GH deficiency is outlined.

Methods: A MEDLINE search was performed of English language manuscripts dealing with the role or ous of GH in puberty and reproduction.

Results: Growth hormone appears to augment the rate of sexual maturation once a pubertal pattern of gonadotropin secretion is established. Growth hormone may modulate gonadal steroid production by increasing hepatic insulin-like grwoth factor-I production or by acting directly on GH receptors, localized recently in the granulosa cells and corpus luteum in the human ovary. Patients with isolated GH deficiency exhibit short stature, truncal adiposity, and delayed puberty. However, patients with isolated GH deficiency ultimately undergo spontaneous puberty, and women with GH receptor defect are fertile, suggesting that GH most likely acts as a co-gondotropin to augment the actions of FSH and LH on estradiol and progesterone production.

Conclusions: Growth hormone appears to increase the rate of sexual maturation once a pubertal pattem of pituitary gonadotropin secretion is estalished. The ovary is a site of GH reception and action, where it can potentiate steroidogenesis and gametogenesis either directly or through endocrine actions. Continued basic clinical research is needed to charaterize further the role GH in reproductive physiology.

Key Words: Growth hormone • isulin-like growth factor-I • puberty • GH deficiency

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