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Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation
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Molecular Mechanisms of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Gene Regulation

Errol R. Norwitz, MD, Phd

Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetries & Gynecology, and Division of Molecular Genetics. Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts ernorwitz{at}bics.bwh.harvard.edu

Kyeong-Hoon Jeong, PhD

William W. Chin, MD

Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetries & Gynecology, and Division of Molecular Genetics. Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

GnRH plays a critical role in regulating mammalian reproductive development and function. At the level of the anterior pituitary, GnRH binds to the GnRH recetor (GnRHR) on the cell surface of pituitary gonadotropes. Here, it activates intracellular signal transduction pathways to effect both the snthesis and intermittent release of the gonadotropins LH and FSH. These hormones then enter the systemic circulation to regualte gonadal function, including steroid hormone synthesis and gametogenesis. The response of pituitary gonadotropes to GnRH correlates directly with the concentration of GnRHR on the cell surface, which is mediated, at least in part, at the level of gene expression. A number of endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine factors are known to regulate GnRHR gene expression. This article reviews in detail the role of the GnRHR in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and the factors mediating expression of this gene. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate transcription of the GnRHR gene will further our knowledge about the role of this receptor in mammalian reproductive physiology in health and disease.

Key Words: GmRH • GnRH receptor • gene • transcriptional regulation • AP-1 • SURG-1

Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation, Vol. 6, No. 4, 169-178 (1999)
DOI: 10.1177/107155769900600402
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